Harnack and Lietzmann, neither of whom was disposed to accept the Pastorals as Pauline, were both satisfied that the probabilities pointed in this direction. The cumulative effect of these arguments is impressive. Taken in conjunction with the early external testimony to the letters, the relatively primitive situation they presuppose, and the mass of convincingly Pauline material they embody, it tips the scales perceptibly, in the judgment of the present editor, in favour of the traditional theory